EUROPE
In Europe, the main process of hijama in the 19th century was performed by those in the medical establishment and they often coupled this with the use of other forms of blood-letting which included the use of venesection using lancets to cut veins (from where the medical famous journal “The Lancet” gets its name) and leeches to drain blood from a patient. This often resulted in complications from over bleeding and it is reported that the first American president George Washington died as a result of such practices.